What is an EPC rating?
An EPC rating is the headline energy-efficiency result shown on an Energy Performance Certificate. The certificate places a property in a band from A to G, with A representing stronger assessed energy performance and G weaker performance. It also includes recommendations that may improve the property.
The rating is not a copy of the current occupier’s energy bills. Actual bills depend on behaviour, occupancy and energy prices. The EPC uses a standardised assessment of the building so that properties can be compared on a consistent basis.
What affects the rating?
A domestic energy assessor records the property features required by the approved methodology. These can include construction, insulation, glazing, heating, hot water, controls, fixed lighting and applicable renewable technologies. Evidence can be important where an improvement is concealed.
How long is a domestic EPC valid?
For homes in England and Wales, a domestic EPC is generally valid for 10 years unless a newer certificate is produced for the same property. Before ordering another assessment, search the official energy certificate register.
When is an EPC normally required?
In England and Wales, an EPC is generally needed when a home is built, sold or rented, subject to applicable exemptions. Scotland and Northern Ireland have separate rules and certificate arrangements, so use the guidance for the nation where the property is located.
How should you use the recommendations?
Treat the recommendation section as a useful starting point rather than a universal works schedule. For major upgrades, consider the property as a whole. Insulation, ventilation, heating and moisture interact, especially in older buildings. A retrofit assessment can be more appropriate when planning a package of improvements.
Need more detail?
Read our full guide: What is an EPC rating? A–G bands explained. If you only want to see whether a certificate already exists, use our EPC rating check guide.